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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people with ADHD are medicated. It can help improve symptoms, but it can also cause side effects. Talk to your doctor when you experience any side effects. Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed kind of prescription medication that healthcare doctors prescribe for ADHD. These medications increase levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters, which regulate the attention span and behavior. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant of first choice used to treat ADHD in both adults and children. It works by increasing the activity in brain areas that control attention and behavior. Methylphenidate can also be used to treat other conditions like narcolepsy. It can help people with narcolepsy to stay awake and improve their ability to focus and pay attention. This medication has a high risk of abuse and is classified as a Schedule II drug in the US Drug Enforcement Agency. This medication can be taken exactly as prescribed to decrease the risk of abuse and the adverse negative effects. Methylphenidate may trigger psychotic symptoms for certain people. It can also cause worse behavior problems and tics in certain people suffering from Tourette's syndrome or bipolar disorder. Before starting this medication, people with these conditions should consult their doctor. Tell your doctor if there are any other health concerns or if you are allergic to any food or dyes. (For instance tartrazine is a yellow color that is present in processed foods as well as in some medications. If you're taking Adhansia XR, you should consult your doctor.). Methylphenidate can interact with certain medications, including opioids, antidepressants and monoamine oxide inhibitors. These include isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue, rasagiline, Emsam, Zelapar, or tranylcypromine. It is also essential to stay clear of alcohol and other stimulant drugs while taking methylphenidate. These drugs can have a harmful impact on your blood pressure or heart rate. The tablets with immediate release methylphenidate (Ritalin) and the long-acting chewable tablet and the long-acting oral disintegrating capsule (Quillichew ER and Cotempla XR-ODT) contain phenylalanine. It can be dangerous if you have a genetic condition called Phenylketonuria (PKU). Bupropion Bupropion is an antidepressant drug that works with the brain to improve mood and decrease symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of depression that manifests in autumn-winter. It is also utilized to aid in the cessation of smoking by reducing nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms. A number of studies conducted on adults have demonstrated that bupropion helps improve ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo. The pooled fixed effect RR for week-6 improvements (using the criteria of a clinically significant improvement of 30% or more on the CGI) is 1.14 (95%CI 0.95-1.37). For the overall response, this is 52 percent of the bupropion group and 37% of the placebo group. Bupropion may cause serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions various drugs, including sedatives antidepressants, and blood pressure medications. It may also increase seizure risk in people who have a history of high blood pressure or seizures. It is also contraindicated for people suffering from certain medical conditions and should not be taken by women who are nursing or pregnant. adhd medication side effects can be found in the brand-name medication Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Budeprion SR, Aplenzin, and Forfivo XL. It is also available in generic form. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic Antidepressants, or TCAs are a type of drugs that work by affecting brain chemical. They were among the first antidepressants to be developed. Although they aren't considered a first-line treatment for depression anymore but they can be effective for some individuals. medication for adhd in adults inhibit the reuptake of dopamine serotonin and noradrenaline by increasing their levels in neurons. They can also be used to treat a variety of other conditions, including enuresis, pain syndromes like fibromyalgia, and the phantom-limb syndrome. TCAs are effective for ADHD symptoms, whether they are prescribed alone or combined with stimulants. They can alleviate symptoms that are core to the disorder and may decrease anxiety, depression and impulsiveness. In addition, they may aid in managing disorders like tics, which are repeated uncontrollable movements or sounds like throat clearing or blinking. TCAs can cause side effects, such as dry mouth, sedation and constipation, and may increase the risk of heart problems. These drugs may interact with other medications, like anticholinergics, and should be avoided in pregnant women. These medications are also known to cause teratogenic effects on animals, and they may cross the placenta. Talk to your doctor if you are concerned. There are antidepressants that are more recent that have a lower risk of adverse negative effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) SSRIs are antidepressants that hinder serotonin reuptake by neuronal cells and increase the amount of serotonin for signaling. They also reduce anxiety and the tendency to be impulsive. They are used to treat adhd because they can help some people with their symptoms and work well when used in conjunction with other medications. SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline-paroxetine and citalopram. They have linear pharmacokinetics, and have a low clearance from your body, yet they are extensively metabolized in the liver by CYP450 isoenzymes. This results in variable blood concentrations. These drugs are also prescribed to treat other conditions, such as major depression disorder, bulimia-nervosa, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The SSRIs fluoxetine and escitalopram and sertraline are able to reduce PTSD primary symptoms. However, they do not appear to be effective for other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs can trigger an uncommon side effect that can cause sexual dysfunction. If you're thinking of taking one of these drugs it is essential to talk with your doctor. Many people have to try several different kinds of ADHD medications before settling on the one that suits them. The development and research of new medication is ongoing. It is essential to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you use. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). When stimulant drugs do not work for adults suffering from ADHD doctors recommend a selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). These medications boost the levels of two brain chemicals known as serotonin and norepinephrine. They also improve mood and decrease anxiety and depression. SNRIs are similar to TCAs however, they are less risky and have fewer adverse effects. They are used to treat a variety of conditions, including anxiety disorders and chronic pain such as fibromyalgia and nerve pain. Sometimes they are used to treat depression in addition. Examples of SNRIs include duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor). These medications act by inhibiting the absorption (reuptake) of norepinephrine which is a natural process in the brain after neurotransmission. This results in a larger-than-normal phasic release of norepinephrine. The rise in levels of norepinephrine enhances mood and focus. SNRIs aren't approved by the FDA for treating ADHD, but some doctors prescribe them as an alternative stimulant. They are most often taken orally as pills, however, they can also be taken as patches or liquids. In April 2021, the FDA approved an oral SNRI called viloxazine (Qelbree) to treat ADHD in adolescents and children. It is not a potential for abuse and therefore is not classified as a controlled substance. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that alter the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. They are prescribed for depression and anxiety disorders but also aid in the management of ADHD symptoms. SNRI drugs such as venlafaxine or duloxetine have been demonstrated in several studies to significantly reduce scores on a variety of ADHD questionnaires. However, SNRIs can increase a person's blood pressure and may interact with certain medications. Therefore, it's important to consult a doctor before taking these drugs. Additionally, improperly handled medication can harm both people and animals. It is therefore important to follow the proper disposal instructions. SSRIs and SNRIs aren't approved by the FDA to treat ADHD however, doctors are able to prescribe these medications off-label. They are effective, safe and have fewer adverse effects than stimulants. Talk to your doctor regarding your child's symptoms and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these medications. SNRIs can increase the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, however they aren't suitable for all. For example women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take SNRIs as they could be absorbed into breast milk. Patients with liver or blood pressure issues should not take these drugs, either, because they can increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. Selective dopamine Reuptake inhibitors (DARPIs) Many people suffering from ADHD discover that medication can help increase their focus and concentration. They may also experience less impulsive behaviors. The treatment is usually paired with behavioral therapy and training, which help people manage their symptoms. Finding the appropriate medication for each individual requires time. In this process, doctors check physical reactions to find the ideal balance between benefits and side effects. Stimulant drugs, such as methylphenidate, enhance the activity of certain brain chemicals that control memory and attention. They are generally safe and effective for the majority of people, but they can cause serious adverse consequences, such as decreased appetite and trouble sleeping. These side effects usually go away within a few weeks as your body adjusts to the medication. Non-stimulant drugs are also available for children as well as adults. They can take longer to effect their effects but they can enhance the ability to control impulses and concentration. They include alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists (atomoxetine and viloxazine) and the guanfacine. Antidepressants are also effective in treating ADHD. They can increase norepinephrine which is a neurotransmitter within the brain that helps with mood swings and depression. Bupropion is an example of an antidepressant that has been used to treat ADHD. It was originally prescribed “off-label” for ADHD but the drug companies eventually came up with extended-release versions and the FDA approved it as a treatment for this condition.